The Variable Expansion Algorithm Using Regular Expression in Jav

  • 时间：2020-09-21 09:15:21
  • 分类：网络文摘
  • 阅读：150 次
JS The Variable Expansion Algorithm Using Regular Expression in Javascript javascript regex string

NodeJs / Javascript

Let’s say, if we want to expand strings that contain dynamic variables, we can use regular expression to do this easily. 

1
2
3
4
5

const varContent = {
  VAR: "World",
}
 
console.log(expand("Hello, ${VAR}!", varContent)); // this is expected to print "Hello, World!"
const varContent = {
  VAR: "World",
}

console.log(expand("Hello, ${VAR}!", varContent)); // this is expected to print "Hello, World!"

Let’s first define an elegant class that will expose only 1 API – e.g. expand().

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

'use strict';
 
class VarExpansion {
  construct(varContent) {
    this.varContent = varContent;
  }
 
  expand(s) {
    if (!s) return s;
    const reg = /\$\{(\w+)\}/g;
    return s.replace(reg, (matched) => {
      const varName = matched.substring(2, matched.length - 1);
      // expand to empty if varName not existent
      // alternatively, we can leave the ${} untouched - replace '' with matched.
      return this.varContent [varName] !== undefined ? this.varContent [varName] : '';
    });    
  }
};
 
module.exports = VarExpansion;
'use strict';

class VarExpansion {
  construct(varContent) {
    this.varContent = varContent;
  }

  expand(s) {
    if (!s) return s;
    const reg = /\$\{(\w+)\}/g;
    return s.replace(reg, (matched) => {
      const varName = matched.substring(2, matched.length - 1);
      // expand to empty if varName not existent
      // alternatively, we can leave the ${} untouched - replace '' with matched.
      return this.varContent [varName] !== undefined ? this.varContent [varName] : '';
    });    
  }
};

module.exports = VarExpansion;

The easiest way to match a regex pattern and replace multiple instances of substrings is to use the String.prototype.replace() method, which takes the first parameter as a regex pattern, then we can specify the call back function for the matched substring.

The constructor of the class requires an object that contains the list of the dynamic contents that can be substituted on the fly. You can pass the Environmental Object (to substitute the sub string with environment variables in Node.JS environment) i.e. process.env or simply a mocked object if you want to unit test the variables expansion algorithm:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

'use strict';
 
const varExpansion = require('VarExpansion');
const {assert} = require('chai');
 
describe('Unit Tests for Variable Expansion in String', () => {
  const mockVarObject = {
    data: 'World',
  };
 
  let varExpansion;
  beforeEach(() => {
    varExpansion = new VarExpansion(mockVarObject);
  });
 
  describe('expansion tests', () => {
    it('should expand', () => {
      // eslint-disable-next-line no-template-curly-in-string
      const s = 'Hello, ${data}!';
      const t = varExpansion.expand(s);
      assert.equal(t, 'Hello, World!');
    });
  }
}
'use strict';

const varExpansion = require('VarExpansion');
const {assert} = require('chai');

describe('Unit Tests for Variable Expansion in String', () => {
  const mockVarObject = {
    data: 'World',
  };

  let varExpansion;
  beforeEach(() => {
    varExpansion = new VarExpansion(mockVarObject);
  });

  describe('expansion tests', () => {
    it('should expand', () => {
      // eslint-disable-next-line no-template-curly-in-string
      const s = 'Hello, ${data}!';
      const t = varExpansion.expand(s);
      assert.equal(t, 'Hello, World!');
    });
  }
}

Like the clone function in Javascript: How to Clone Variables (The Clone Function) in Javascript?, we can extend the expand() method that allows us to pass in the object or arrays – which will be expanded recursively (with deep copies)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

'use strict';
 
class VarExpansion {
  construct(varContent) {
    this.varContent = varContent;
  }
 
  expand(s) {
    if (!s) return s;
    if (s instanceof String) {
      const r = /\$\{(\w+)\}/g;
      return s.replace(r, (matched) => {
        const varName = matched.substring(2, matched.length - 1);
        // expand to empty if varName not existent
        // alternatively, we can leave the ${} untouched - replace '' with matched.
        return this.env[varName] !== undefined ? this.env[varName] : '';
      });
    }
    if (s instanceof Array) {
      const buf = [];  // a deep copy of array
      let i = s.length;
      while (i--) {
        buf[i] = this.expand(s[i]);
      }
      return buf;
    }
    if (s instanceof Object) {
      const buf = {};  // a deep copy of object
      for (const key in s) {
        if (s.hasOwnProperty(key)) { // filter out other keys belong to other arrays
          buf[key] = this.expand(s[key]); // clone and expand the key/value
        }
      }
      return buf;
    }
    return s;   
  }
};
 
module.exports = VarExpansion;
'use strict';

class VarExpansion {
  construct(varContent) {
    this.varContent = varContent;
  }

  expand(s) {
    if (!s) return s;
    if (s instanceof String) {
      const r = /\$\{(\w+)\}/g;
      return s.replace(r, (matched) => {
        const varName = matched.substring(2, matched.length - 1);
        // expand to empty if varName not existent
        // alternatively, we can leave the ${} untouched - replace '' with matched.
        return this.env[varName] !== undefined ? this.env[varName] : '';
      });
    }
    if (s instanceof Array) {
      const buf = [];  // a deep copy of array
      let i = s.length;
      while (i--) {
        buf[i] = this.expand(s[i]);
      }
      return buf;
    }
    if (s instanceof Object) {
      const buf = {};  // a deep copy of object
      for (const key in s) {
        if (s.hasOwnProperty(key)) { // filter out other keys belong to other arrays
          buf[key] = this.expand(s[key]); // clone and expand the key/value
        }
      }
      return buf;
    }
    return s;   
  }
};

module.exports = VarExpansion;

And this is very powerful as you can pass in JSON objects:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

  describe('expansion tests', () => {
    it('should expand', () => {
      // eslint-disable-next-line no-template-curly-in-string
      const s = { Hello: '${data}!' };
      const t = varExpansion.expand(s);
      assert.deepEqual(t, { Hello: 'World!' });
    });
  }
  describe('expansion tests', () => {
    it('should expand', () => {
      // eslint-disable-next-line no-template-curly-in-string
      const s = { Hello: '${data}!' };
      const t = varExpansion.expand(s);
      assert.deepEqual(t, { Hello: 'World!' });
    });
  }

It turns out we can use the lodash npm library to do the string substitution via the template engine.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

  expand(s) {
    try {
      return JSON.parse(_.template(JSON.stringify(s))(this.env));
    } catch (e) {
      return s;
    }
  }
  expand(s) {
    try {
      return JSON.parse(_.template(JSON.stringify(s))(this.env));
    } catch (e) {
      return s;
    }
  }

However, this has slightly different behaviors: this is case in-sensitive and also, when variables not found, it will not change the string substitution syntax.

–EOF (The Ultimate Computing & Technology Blog) —

推荐阅读：
What You Need to Know Before Becoming an Internet Entrepreneur　 Teen Horror Blogger Speaks Out About Killing Her Parents　 SEO for 2017: Post Penguin 4.0 and How to Take a Publisher’s App　 Trick Or Treat: How Businesses Are Cashing In On Halloween　 Man Steals ‘Six Figures’ Worth Of Bitcoins From Dark Web Users　 The Git Pre-Commit Hook to Avoid Pushing Only Unit Tests In Node　 How to Find the Most Common Word in a String with a Banned List?　 How to Construct Minimum Spanning Tree using Kruskal or Breadth 　 Two Pointer and Sliding Window Algorithm to Find K-Length Substr　 How to Get the Maximum Level Sum of a Binary Tree using Breadth 　
评论列表
添加评论